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©Ducks Unlimited Canada
Swamps are wetlands dominated by trees and shrubs. They are often a transition area between higher, drier uplands, and other wetland areas. The ground is wet and there are usually pools of water at the surface. Drainage is slow, but the fluctuating water and soil is nutrient-rich.
Habitat
Swamps are found around the world. In North America, look for them along the shores of streams, rivers, forests and lakes. Water comes from precipitation, groundwater, and flooding from adjacent wetlands and waterbodies. Typical swamp trees in Canada can include Black Spruce, Tamarack, White Birch, and Balsam Poplar. Willow, Red Osier Dogwood, and Alder are typical shrubs. Many different species of wildlife depend on swamps.
Conservation
Swamps moderate floods by slowing water, help shorelines by preventing erosion, and support a high diversity of plants and animals. However, they do face threats from drainage for agriculture and urban development. Good policy and land practices can help conserve remaining swamps, while restoration projects can help bring back or renew degraded habitats.
